‘Tenemos que hacerlo mejor’: barreras idiomáticas añaden más obstáculos a inmigrantes africanos en refugios

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En los dos últimos años, más de 189.200 inmigrantes han llegado a la ciudad de Nueva York y unos 64.400 están actualmente al amparo de la ciudad; de ellos, aproximadamente el 17 por ciento proceden de países africanos, según la alcaldía.

Gerardo Romo / NYC Council Media Unit

Solicitantes de asilo reunidos afuera de la alcaldía antes de una audiencia conjunta del Comité de Inmigración y Hospitales el 16 de abril de 2024.

Este artículo se publicó originalmente en inglés el 17 de abril. Traducido por Daniel Parra. Read the English version here.

El martes la concejal de Nueva York Alexa Avilés abrió la audiencia sobre las experiencias de los inmigrantes negros pidiendo más financiación y servicios de acceso en otros idiomas para los recién llegados de países africanos, cientos de ellos estaban reunidos en la alcaldía para asistir a la manifestación previa a la audiencia y entrar a esta.

Avilés, presidenta del Comité de Inmigración del Concejo Municipal, dijo que, si bien la ciudad ha estado ofreciendo servicios sociales y de salud a los inmigrantes en español e inglés, no ha logrado satisfacer las necesidades de los inmigrantes que hablan otros idiomas.

“Quienes necesitan información traducida en idiomas predominantemente hablados en los países de África Occidental, como wolof, árabe, bambara, fulani y francés, entre otros, han manifestado dificultades para comunicarse con el personal de los albergues para inmigrantes y obtener información de los organismos municipales”, afirmó ella.

Aunque la gran mayoría de los solicitantes de asilo e inmigrantes que han entrado en el sistema de refugios procedían inicialmente de América Latina, cada vez hay más inmigrantes adultos y familias procedentes del continente africano.

En los dos últimos años, más de 189.200 inmigrantes han llegado a Nueva York y unos 64.400 están actualmente en el sistema de atención de la ciudad; de ellos, aproximadamente el 17 por ciento proceden de países africanos, dijo la alcaldía.

Durante la audiencia conjunta entre el Comité de Inmigración y el de Hospitales —a la que no asistieron funcionarios de Health + Hospitals ni de New York City Emergency Management, dos organismos clave que se ocupan de la respuesta de la ciudad a inmigrantes—, los defensores se quejaron de las barreras idiomáticas y de la falta de acceso a intérpretes en los albergues.

Los defensores también denunciaron la dificultad de certificar a los nuevos inmigrantes en programas de formación en seguridad industrial de la Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional (OSHA por sus siglas en inglés) en idiomas como árabe, francés, pulaar y wolof.

Avilés preguntó al comisionado de la Oficina de la Alcaldía para Asuntos del Inmigrante (MOIA por sus siglas en inglés) por esta falta de oportunidades para las personas que no hablan inglés ni español.

“Como sabe, OSHA es un programa federal”, respondió Manuel Castro, comisionado de MOIA, reconociendo que es difícil encontrar capacitadores que hablen otros idiomas. “Esta es también una cuestión que en parte pertenece al gobierno federal. Tienen que mejorar la formación en estos idiomas”.

Según Adama Bah, fundadora de Afrikana, un centro comunitario que atiende a solicitantes de asilo, la ciudad no tiene traductores para algunos de los idiomas que necesita, y la línea telefónica para acceder a un intérprete por teléfono no funciona después del horario laboral, por lo que ha estado traduciendo ella misma.

“Ahora mismo hay mucha gente en esta sala a la que tengo que llamar después del horario laboral para que traduzca para los inmigrantes, y llaman constantemente y dicen a los funcionarios que hablen con Adama”.

Y los documentos escritos no sirven para quienes no saben leer, explicaron los defensores.

“Hay una cantidad significativa de personas que son analfabetas”, explicó Bah. “Hemos estado enviando mensajes de voz a los migrantes explicándoles cuáles son sus derechos y para que entiendan lo que está pasando. Así que no es sólo escrito, necesitamos lenguaje hablado”.

Una profesora de historia oral del LaGuardia Community College que ha trabajado como voluntaria con los recién llegados de África leyó el testimonio de dos de ellos. 

“La vida en el refugio no es vida”, leyó ella, narrando la experiencia de un joven senegalés. “No aconsejaría a nadie vivir en esas condiciones. Si sales a buscar trabajo y te quedas sin comer, tienes que ir a buscar comida. Pero si no encuentras trabajo, ¿cómo vas a comprar comida?”.

El otro testimonio compartido procedía de un migrante de Mauritania que había tenido dificultades para obtener información de los trabajadores de los refugios. “En los albergues te encuentras con personal que prefiere limpiarse las uñas antes que responder a una pregunta”, narró ella. “A veces haces una pregunta y extrañamente recibes muchas respuestas diferentes”.

Durante la audiencia, la presidenta del Concejo, Adrienne Adams, preguntó a los funcionarios de la administración presentes qué conclusiones sacaban del numeroso público y de sus testimonios.

“Que tenemos que hacerlo mejor, y estamos de acuerdo en que tenemos que hacerlo cada día mejor”, reconoció Molly Schaeffer, directora interina de la Oficina de Operaciones de Solicitantes de Asilo (OASO por sus siglas en inglés). “Específicamente con el acceso a otros idiomas. Creo que eso fue lo más importante que escuchamos”. 

Schaeffer explicó que alrededor del 81 por ciento de los inmigrantes procedentes de países africanos son adultos solteros o forman parte de familias adultas, por lo que es más probable que tengan estancias más cortas que las familias con niños procedentes de América Latina. Según la política de plazos del alcalde Eric Adams para los inmigrantes recién llegados, las familias con niños están sujetas a límites de acogida de 60 días, mientras que los adultos sin niños sólo disponen de 30 días.

Los solicitantes de asilo procedentes de países africanos han representado el 16 por ciento de las solicitudes presentadas en el Centro de navegación de recursos para solicitantes de asilo, añadió Schaeffer.

Explicó que el principal idioma preferido de los inmigrantes atendidos por la ciudad —aunque no refleja necesariamente el de la mayoría de quienes acaban de llegar— es el español, con un 76 por ciento, seguido del francés (9 por ciento), inglés (3 por ciento), ruso (2 por ciento), árabe (2 por ciento), fulani y el chino (1 por ciento cada uno).

El tiempo de espera para un nuevo refugio es de 24 horas, dijo Schaeffer, aunque no dio detalles sobre la duración actual de la lista de espera, y la alcaldía no respondió a las preguntas al respecto antes de la publicación.

El joven senegalés cuyo testimonio compartió la profesora del LaGuardia Community College también se refirió al impacto de la política de plazos de acogida de la ciudad, que varios legisladores han presionado para que se elimine.

“Te echan a la calle en mitad de la noche y con frío”, dijo, según la declaración compartida. “Simplemente no nos respetan”.

Para ponerse en contacto con el reportero de esta noticia, escriba a Daniel@citylimits.org. Para ponerse en contacto con la editora, escriba a Jeanmarie@citylimits.org

City-country mortality gap widens amid persistent holes in rural health care access

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Jazmin Orozco Rodriguez | (TNS) KFF Health News

In Matthew Roach’s two years as vital statistics manager for the Arizona Department of Health Services, and 10 years previously in its epidemiology program, he has witnessed a trend in mortality rates that has rural health experts worried.

As Roach tracked the health of Arizona residents, the gap between mortality rates of people living in rural areas and those of their urban peers was widening.

The health disparities between rural and urban Americans have long been documented, but a recent report from the Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service found the chasm has grown in recent decades. In their examination, USDA researchers found rural Americans from the ages of 25 to 54 die from natural causes, like chronic diseases and cancer, at wildly higher rates than the same age group living in urban areas. The analysis did not include external causes of death, such as suicide or accidental overdose.

The research analyzed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention death data from two three-year periods — 1999 through 2001 and 2017 through 2019. In 1999, the natural-cause mortality rate for people ages 25 to 54 in rural areas was only 6% higher than for city dwellers in the same age bracket. By 2019, the gap widened to 43%.

The researchers found the expanding gap was driven by rapid growth in the number of women living in rural places who succumb young to treatable or preventable diseases. In the most rural places, counties without an urban core population of 10,000 or more, women in this age group saw an 18% increase in natural-cause mortality rates during the study period, while their male peers experienced a 3% increase.

Within the prime working-age group, cancer and heart disease were the leading natural causes of death for both men and women in both rural and urban areas. Among women, the incidence of lung disease in remote parts of the nation grew the most when compared with rates in urban areas, followed by hepatitis. Pregnancy-related deaths also played a role, accounting for the highest rate of natural-cause mortality growth for women ages 25 to 54 in rural areas.

The negative trends for rural non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native people were especially pronounced. The analysis shows Native Americans 25 to 54 years old had a 46% natural-cause mortality rate increase over those two decades. Native women had an even greater mortality rate jump, 55%, between the two studied time periods, while the rate for non-Hispanic White women went up 23%.

The rural-urban gap grew in all regions across the nation but was widest in the South.

The increased mortality rates are an indicator of worsening population health, the study authors noted, which can harm local economies and employment.

As access to and quality of health services in rural areas continue to erode, rural health experts said, the USDA findings should spur stronger policies focused on rural health.

Alan Morgan, CEO of the National Rural Health Association, said he found the report “shocking,” though, “unfortunately, not surprising.”

The disparity warrants greater attention from state and national leaders, Morgan said.

The study does not address causes for the increase in mortality rates, but the authors note that differences in health care resources could compromise the accessibility, quality, and affordability of care in rural areas. Hospitals in small and remote communities have long struggled, and continued closures or conversions limit health care services in many places. The authors note that persistently higher rates of poverty, disability, and chronic disease in rural areas, compounded by fewer physicians per capita and the closure of hospitals, affect community health.

Roach said his past job as an epidemiologist included working with social vulnerability indexes, which factor in income, race, education, and access to resources like housing to get a sense of a community’s resilience against adverse health outcomes. A map of Arizona shows that rural counties and reservations have some of the highest vulnerability rankings.

Janice C. Probst, a retired professor at the University of South Carolina whose work focused on rural health, said many current rural health efforts are focused on sustaining hospitals, which she noted are essential sources of health care. But she said that may not be the best way to address the inequities.

“We may have to take a community approach,” said Probst, who reviewed the report before its release. “Not how do we keep the hospital in the community, but how do we keep the community alive at all?”

The disparities among demographics stood out to Probst, along with something else. She said the states with the highest rates of natural-cause mortality in rural areas included South Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, and others that have not expanded Medicaid, the joint federal and state health insurance program for low-income people, though there are efforts to expand it in some states, particularly Mississippi.

It’s an observation the USDA researchers make as well.

“Regionally, differences in State implementation of Medicaid expansion under the 2010 Affordable Care Act could have increased implications for uninsured rural residents in States without expansions by potentially influencing the frequency of medical care for those at risk,” they wrote.

Wesley James, founding executive director of the Center for Community Research and Evaluation, at the University of Memphis, said state lawmakers could address part of the problem by advocating for Medicaid expansion in their states, which would increase access to health care in rural areas. A large group of people want it, but politicians aren’t listening to their needs, he said. James also reviewed the report before it was published.

According to KFF polling, two-thirds of people living in nonexpansion states want their state to expand the health insurance program.

Morgan added the study focused on deaths that occurred prior to the covid-19 pandemic, which had a devastating effect in rural areas.

“Covid really changed the nature of public health in rural America,” he said. “I hope that this prompts Congress to direct the CDC to look at rural-urban life expectancies during covid and since covid to get a handle on what we’re actually seeing nationwide.”

In Arizona, the leading cause of death for people 45 to 64 in 2021 in both rural and urban areas was covid, according to Roach.

___

(KFF Health News is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs of KFF — the independent source for health policy research, polling and journalism.)

©2024 KFF Health News. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

Trump presses Republicans for kickbacks when using his likeness

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Nancy Cook | Bloomberg News (TNS)

WASHINGTON — Donald Trump’s presidential campaign wants other Republicans to pay up, if they use the former president’s name, image or likeness in any fundraising solicitations, according to a new campaign memo obtained by Bloomberg News.

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Signed by co-campaign managers, Susie Wiles and Chris LaCivita, the memo asks that all candidates and committees who use Trump in their fundraising appeals, give a minimum of 5% of the money they earn to the Trump’s political operation. The letter says giving more than 5% is “seen favorably” and reported to the “highest levels of leadership” at both the Republican National Committee and Trump’s campaign.

The memo discourages candidates from speaking on behalf of Trump, creating memberships or clubs not authorized by the campaign, impersonating Trump or using a “one-click donation” feature when mentioning the former president. It also asks candidates to not use any mention of the president’s family without consent.

The memo, dated April 15, was sent to Republican vendors and was first reported by Politico.

It’s not unusual for well-known candidates with large donor lists, called “house files,” to fundraise via text or email for politicians with smaller followings, splitting the donations. The practice, called tandem fundraising, can help challengers and down-ballot candidates to tap into national donor networks and boost their name recognition.

The ask comes as the Trump campaign and RNC are trying to catch up to President Joe Biden’s prolific fundraising advantage. Though Trump held a successful fundraiser in Palm Beach at a private home in early April that earned more than $50 million, he and his team have struggled to close the gap with Biden.

Many longtime GOP billionaires remain undecided on supporting Trump — and deep-pocketed Wall Street financiers have yet to coalesce around his candidacy, while Biden is easily drawing money from Wall Street, Hollywood and tech sectors.

The Trump campaign is turning to novel strategies to raise money outside of traditional fundraisers — like taking a cut from using Trump’s image or name, selling sneakers to supporters and continuing to lean on small-dollar donors energized by Trump’s indictments and legal troubles.

(With assistance from Bill Allison.)

©2024 Bloomberg L.P. Visit bloomberg.com. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

Biden counters RFK Jr. with Kennedy family endorsements

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Justin Sink | Bloomberg News (TNS)

President Joe Biden will be endorsed by more than a dozen members of the Kennedy family at an event Thursday in Philadelphia, as he looks to blunt the outsider presidential bid of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Biden will be introduced by Kerry Kennedy — the sister of the third-party candidate — and joined by fellow siblings including Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, a former Maryland lieutenant governor; filmmaker Rory Kennedy; former Congressman Joe Kennedy II, Christopher Kennedy, and Maxwell Kennedy Sr.

Other attendees include Ted Kennedy Jr., the son of the longtime Massachusetts senator, and former U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III, Biden’s special envoy for Northern Ireland.

The event comes as polls suggest that Robert F. Kennedy Jr. — who has promoted conspiracy theories about vaccines, antidepressants, the connection between HIV and AIDS, and whether Wi-Fi can cause cancer — could play spoiler as Biden seeks to win a reelection rematch against former President Donald Trump.

A March study by Ipsos found that Kennedy voters were more likely to be women, independents, or dissatisfied with both major party candidates. Biden’s success among those groups helped propel him to victory over Trump in 2020.

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On Monday, Kennedy claimed in a social media post that Trump’s team had approached him and asked him to consider being the former president’s running mate. Kennedy said he “respectfully declined” the offer, while the Trump campaign denied that such a conversation occurred.

Securing the endorsement of the remainder of the Kennedy clan is personal for Biden, who considers Kennedy’s father, Robert F. Kennedy, a senator, U.S. attorney general and presidential candidate, as a political idol.

Biden, just the second Roman Catholic president after John F. Kennedy, has actively courted the family, inviting more than 30 family members to a St. Patrick’s Day Celebration at the White House last month.

Biden and the Kennedys will be joined at the event in Philadelphia by local civil rights leader John White Jr. Following the endorsement event, the group plans to speak with campaign volunteers and help voter outreach efforts by placing calls on Biden’s behalf.

©2024 Bloomberg News. Visit at bloomberg.com. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.