Amtrak Borealis topped 18,500 passengers between St. Paul and Chicago in first month

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The Borealis, a mid-day Amtrak train from the downtown St. Paul Union Depot to Chicago, launched in late May following decades of advocacy by rail fans eager to see a second train roll out daily after the storied, but often delayed, Empire Builder. The Twin Cities-Milwaukee-Chicago corridor has proven popular, with preliminary figures showing more than 18,500 riders hopping aboard in the first month alone.

That’s an average of about 300 daily passengers in each direction, which Amtrak officials called a promising showing given that peak summer travel season is still to come. Nationally, Amtrak is on track, so to speak, to set a new all-time passenger record, with more travelers embracing rail in the post-pandemic era.

“With strong college and university markets on this route, we are confident Borealis will continue to perform well when students and staff travel in greater numbers this fall,” said Ray Lang, vice president with Amtrak State Supported Service, in a written statement.

Shorter trips

Ramsey County Commissioner Rafael Ortega, the longstanding chair of the county’s Regional Railroad Authority, said Monday that he’s received interest from far afield in copying the initial success of the Borealis with additional rail lines, though he would not disclose from where.

“People are already interested in coming into the Union Depot from different parts of the country,” Ortega said. “I think we’re going to get a third train after a while. They called me. I’ve already attended a meeting. It’s so preliminary, it’s just kind of talk now, but it’s good talk.”

As for ridership on the Borealis, “based on the very first day’s numbers, I’m not surprised,” Ortega said. “I think it’s going to go higher. A lot of people are taking these shorter trips to see family or a jazz festival in Red Wing and LaCrosse, (Wis.).”

A 39-route vision

In May 2021, Amtrak issued a 13-page “corridor vision” report that called for introducing new stations in over half of all U.S. states within 10 to 15 years. The report called for increasing rail service to 47 out of the country’s top 50 metropolitan areas and improving 25 existing routes, while adding 39 new routes. In addition to the Borealis, rail fans have advocated for the Northern Lights Express (NLX), a proposed higher-than-normal speed passenger rail project that would connect Minneapolis and Duluth, though Duluth would be a much smaller population site than Chicago.

Passengers have expressed excitement about the long-awaited Borealis, which leaves St. Paul at 11:50 a.m. and arrives in the Windy City around 7:15 p.m., with tickets starting at $41 one-way. A return trip from Chicago drops passengers in St. Paul at 6:30 p.m.

That said, rail fans have noted that the corridor skips a key destination — Madison, Wis.

Built in the late 1980s, the state-leased Horizon trains require stairway boarding and offer limited business seating and no baggage car, so bicycles are not yet allowed. Minnesota officials have called the possibility of leasing or buying newer train cars a strong possibility as service matures.

It is unclear what percentage of Borealis ridership travels between Chicago and Milwaukee, where the Borealis has replaced one of the Hiawatha’s daily round-trips, as opposed to the St. Paul-to-Milwaukee segment, where the Borealis mirrors the route of the Empire Builder.

Some rail fans have speculated that Borealis ridership may get the occasional boost heading eastbound due to the frequent lateness of the Empire Builder, which is scheduled to depart from the St. Paul Union Depot at 8:50 a.m. daily but has been known to roll out as many as five hours late due to congestion on freight tracks.

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What cognitive tests can show — and what they can’t

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By LAURAN NEERGAARD

WASHINGTON (AP) — It’s the new chant in Washington politics: “Get a cognitive test!”

Political opponents, armchair pundits and even nervous supporters are demanding that President Joe Biden undergo such testing after his dismal debate performance – even though his physician says he gets, and passes, an annual neurologic exam.

Former President Donald Trump, who’s only a few years younger, makes his own gaffes. He recently bragged about passing a 2018 cognitive test – while calling the doctor who administered it by the wrong name.

With all the concern, what can cognitive testing actually tell about a person’s brain health – and what can’t they answer? And presidents aside, does the average older adult need one?

What are cognitive tests?

They’re brief screening tools, a 10-minute series of questions to assess different brain functions. Two of the most common are called the MMSE, Mini-Mental State Exam, and the MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

Recalling a list of five unrelated nouns or seeing how many words beginning with F you can say in a minute can assess short-term memory and language. Counting backward by 7s tests attention and concentration. Drawing a clock with the correct time is a clue to spatial awareness.

How reliable are cognitive screenings?

They don’t diagnose health problems. A bad score is just a red flag that indicates a need for further testing to see if there is a health problem and uncover what kind, said Dr. James Galvin, a neurologist at the University of Miami.

A good score usually is good news. But the highly educated especially tend to be good test-takers even if cognitive trouble is starting to brew. So if someone scores OK yet they, a family member or the doctor sees some day-to-day concern, more testing still could be warranted.

“We simply use it as a benchmark to determine our suspicion level,” Galvin said.

When and how often should cognitive screenings be done?

“A screening test is exactly a snapshot in time. So it tells you in that moment how someone does on that test,” Galvin stressed. “It doesn’t tell you how a person is functioning in their everyday life.”

Simply reporting a concern is reason enough for a primary care doctor to perform one. But it’s also supposed to be part of the annual Medicare wellness visit for those 65 and older.

Galvin wouldn’t discuss Biden or Trump because he hasn’t examined them — but said that generally it’s a good idea for seniors to get checked yearly to spot changes. It’s much like how doctors don’t assume your blood pressure’s still fine, they measure it.

How is a cognitive test different from a neurologic exam?

Cognitive screenings are “pencil and paper tests” usually handled by primary care doctors, while neurologic exams generally are performed by a specialist, Galvin said.

It’s a very detailed physical exam. Doctors watch the patient’s speech patterns and behavior, test how key nerves are functioning, check reflexes that can signal brain diseases and assess muscle tone and function.

If either kind of test signals real cognitive concerns, the next step may be more intensive neuropsychological testing — an exam that often lasts up to three hours.

After an exhaustive interview of the patient and any accompanying family members, the neuropsychologist goes through tests and tasks designed to check specific brain functions – intelligence, memory, verbal ability, problem-solving and reasoning skills, visual and auditory responses, emotion and mood. They may use puzzles, objects to rearrange, or drawing and writing tests.

Blood tests and brain scans also may be ordered. Special types of PET scans can detect Alzheimer’s hallmark amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. An MRI can detect past strokes, helpful in diagnosing vascular dementia.

How can you tell if cognitive concerns are a disease or just getting older?

“Age makes us do things a lot slower,” Galvin said. “We move slower. We think slower. But we’re still moving correctly and we’re still thinking correctly – it just takes us longer.”

Examples of slower cognitive “processing” might be difficulty remembering a name, numbers or specific details under pressure – but they come back to you later.

Galvin noted that sometimes, reversible health problems mimic cognitive trouble. For example, urinary tract infections are notorious for causing sudden confusion in older people. Certain medications affect memory, as can thyroid problems, depression, even poorly controlled diabetes.

Anyone who’s worried about their memory should talk to their doctor, or seek a specialist, “who can reassure you that everything’s OK or develop a treatment plan that’s specific for you,” he said.

—-

The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

Al Sharpton to deliver eulogy for Black man who died after being held down by Milwaukee hotel guards

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MILWAUKEE (AP) — The Rev. Al Sharpton is scheduled deliver a eulogy for a Black man who died last month after being pinned to the ground by hotel security guards in Milwaukee, his office said Tuesday.

The death of Dvontaye Mitchell has drawn comparisons to the murder of George Floyd, a Black man killed in 2020 after a white police officer in Minneapolis knelt on his neck.

Sharpton, a longtime activist and leader who serves on the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, said in a news release that he’ll speak at Mitchell’s funeral Thursday. The Republican National Convention opens just days later, on July 15, and law enforcement agencies are bracing for political protests around the convention arena in Wisconsin’s biggest city.

Sharpton said convention-goers need to know about Mitchell’s death.

“We cannot watch Dvontaye Mitchell’s murder be washed out by the RNC coming to town, where they will solidify a nominee whose view of justice is pure brute force,” Sharpton said, referring to former President Donald Trump.

Mitchell, 43, died on June 30 at the Hyatt Regency after four security guards held him down on his stomach, media outlets have reported. Police have said Mitchell entered the hotel, caused a disturbance and fought with the guards as they were escorting him out.

Mitchell’s family has hired civil rights attorney Ben Crump, who represented Floyd’s family. His death spurred worldwide protests against racial violence and police brutality.

It’s unclear why Mitchell was at the hotel or what happened before the guards pinned him down. The Milwaukee County medical examiner’s initial report said Mitchell was homeless, but his family told the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel that’s not correct. Sharpton said in a news release announcing his Milwaukee visit that Mitchell’s mother said her son was suffering a “mental health episode.”

Police officials were still investigating Mitchell’s death on Tuesday, the Journal Sentinel reported. The police department responded to an Associated Press request for an update by emailing a statement saying that an unidentified individual had fought with security guards at the hotel on June 30 and was unresponsive when officers arrived.

The medical examiner’s office has said the preliminary cause of death was homicide but the cause remains under investigation. No one had been charged criminally as of Tuesday.

A spokesperson for Aimbridge Hospitality, which runs the Hyatt Regency in Milwaukee, told the Washington Post that the company extends its condolences to Mitchell’s family and supports the ongoing investigation.

Unlicensed driver charged in fatal Maplewood hit-and-run crash

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A motorist charged Monday with hitting a 65-year-old woman on the side of a Maplewood road and leaving the scene was driving without a license at the time of the fatal 2022 crash, according to authorities.

Adrianee Laruth Powell-Onwuji, 38, of St. Paul, faces criminal vehicular homicide in connection with the collision that killed Eri Nakamura of Oakdale. She was charged by summons and remained out of custody Tuesday.

Adrianee Laruth Powell-Onwuji (Courtesy of the Ramsey County Sheriff’s Office)

She declined to comment on the charge when reached by phone Tuesday. “I just found out about it this morning,” she said.

A Minnesota Department of Public Safety spokesman said Tuesday that Powell-Onwuji’s license has been either suspended or revoked since April 2011, and that it’s currently revoked.

Nakamura had been walking south on the shoulder of Century Avenue (Minnesota Highway 120) near Fifth Street when she was struck around 7:35 p.m. Feb. 6, 2022, according to the Minnesota State Patrol’s incident report.

A day after the crash, the state patrol asked for the public’s help in identifying the suspect’s vehicle, which they said was a 2015 to 2020 silver Mitsubishi sport-utility vehicle with damage to the front and driver’s side.

The state patrol announced the next day that a tip led investigators to the SUV and the suspected driver, who was not named. Charges were pending, the state patrol said at the time.

Mark Haase, a spokesman for the Ramsey County Attorney’s Office, said Tuesday that it took time to bring charges against Powell-Onwuji because of the crash reconstruction and that investigators had to collect evidence related to her claim that damage to her SUV was unrelated to the fatal collision.

She’d been at a bar

Officers sent to the crash scene found Nakamura in the road surrounded by drivers who had stopped to help her. She was taken to Regions Hospital and died in the emergency room.

The drivers had moved silver parts of a front bumper and a fog light assembly from the road to the shoulder. Officers determined the parts at the scene belonged to a Mitsubishi.

A state patrol investigator received a tip from an unidentified caller about a driving complaint involving a silver Mitsubishi SUV that had front-end damage, according to the criminal complaint. The caller gave the investigator the license plate information, which showed the SUV was registered to Powell-Onwuji.

Troopers found Powell-Onwuji’s SUV at her St. Paul apartment building in the 300 block of Winthrop Street South, just west of McKnight Road. It had damage to the driver’s side front quarter panel and it was missing parts similar to the ones found at the crash site, the complaint says.

Troopers went to Powell-Onwuji’s workplace. She told them she had met a friend at Titan’s Sports Saloon at 1267 Geneva Ave. N. in Oakdale the night of the crash.

Powell-Onwuji said her friend was arrested for drunken driving shortly after leaving the bar and that her SUV was damaged while trying to push her friend’s vehicle. She said she got home around 8 p.m.

Powell-Onwuji did not recall hitting anyone. She was arrested. While being taken to jail, she said “something to the effect that she should have realized she had hit something,” the complaint says.

The parts recovered from the crash scene match the parts missing from her SUV, according to the complaint.

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