By ELÉONORE HUGHES and DIARLEI RODRIGUES

RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) — About 2,500 Brazilian police and soldiers launched a massive raid on a drug-trafficking gang in Rio de Janeiro on Tuesday, arresting 81 suspects and sparking shootouts that left at least 60 suspects dead, officials said.

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The operation included officers in helicopters and armored vehicles and targeted the notorious Red Command in the sprawling low-income favelas of Complexo de Alemao and Penha, police said.

The police operation was one of the most violent in Brazil’s recent history, with at least one human rights organization calling for an investigation into each death.

Rio’s state Gov. Claudio Castro said in a video posted on social platform X that 60 criminal suspects were “neutralized,” 81 arrested and 75 rifles seized during the massive one-day raid that he called the biggest such operation in the city’s history. A large amount of drugs also was seized, the state government said.

An Associated Press journalist also saw the bodies of at least two police officers among 10 bodies brought to the Getulio Vargas hospital in Penha. Police did not immediately confirm the deaths of officers.

An unknown number of people also were wounded.

César Muñoz, director of Human Rights Watch in Brazil, called Tuesday’s events “a huge tragedy” and a “disaster.”

“The public prosecutor’s office must open its own investigations and clarify the circumstances of each death,” Muñoz said in a statement.

Footage on social media showed fire and smoke rising from the two favelas as gunfire rang out. The city’s Education Department said 46 schools across the two neighborhoods were closed, and the nearby Federal University of Rio de Janeiro canceled night classes and told people on campus to seek shelter.

Suspected gang members blocked roads in northern and southeastern Rio in response to the raid, local media reported. At least 70 buses were commandeered to be used in the blockades, causing “significant damage,” the city’s bus organization Rio Onibus said.

The operation Tuesday followed a year of investigation into the criminal group, police said.

Gov. Castro, from the conservative opposition Liberal Party, said the federal government should be providing more support to combat crime — a swipe at the administration of leftist President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.

Gleisi Hoffmann, the Lula administration’s liaison with the parliament, agreed that coordinated action was needed but pointed to a recent crackdown on money laundering as an example of the federal government’s action on organized crime.

Emerging from Rio’s prisons, the Red Command criminal gang has expanded its control in favelas in recent years.

Rio has been the scene of lethal police raids for decades. In March 2005, some 29 people were killed in Rio’s Baixada Fluminense region, while in May 2021, 28 were killed in the Jacarezinho favela.

While the Tuesday’s police operation was similar to previous ones, its scale was unprecedented, said Luis Flavio Sapori, a sociologist and public safety expert at Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais.

“What’s different about today’s operation is the magnitude of the victims. These are war numbers,” he said.

He argued that these kinds of operations are inefficient because they do not tend to catch the masterminds, but rather target underlings who can later be replaced.

“It’s not enough to go in, exchange gunfire, and leave. There’s a lack of strategy in Rio de Janeiro’s public security policy,” Sapori said. “Some lower-ranking members of these factions are killed, but those individuals are quickly replaced by others.”

The Marielle Franco Institute, a nonprofit founded by the slain councilwoman ’s family to continue her legacy of fighting for the rights of people living in favelas, also criticized the operation.

“This is not a public safety policy. It’s a policy of extermination, that makes the everyday life of Black and poor people a Russian roulette,” it said in a statement.

By MIKE SCHNEIDER

ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) — Two Florida university students and an advocacy group for retirees are asking a federal judge to let them intervene in a lawsuit filed by young Republican groups challenging the 2020 census results, saying they worry that the Trump administration won’t vigorously defend the case.

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The Trump administration has attacked the 2020 census results instead of defending the head count, the Alliance for Retired Americans and the two University of Central Florida students wrote Tuesday in their motion to intervene.

They said they are concerned that the Republican administration and the young Republican groups could reach a settlement that would alter 2020 census numbers and undercount people in nursing homes and college dorms.

The numbers gathered from the once-a-decade head count are used to determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state gets. They also guide the distribution of $2.8 trillion in annual federal spending.

But the 2020 census numbers have come under attack this year from Republicans, as President Donald Trump has been pressuring Republican-led state legislatures to redraw their congressional districts to benefit the GOP ahead of next year’s midterm elections. Revised census numbers from a successful lawsuit could be used in redistricting efforts.

In an August social media post, Trump instructed the Commerce Department to have the Census Bureau start work on a new census that would exclude immigrants who are in the United States illegally. The 14th Amendment, however, says that “the whole number of persons in each state” are to be counted, and the Census Bureau has interpreted that to mean anybody residing in the U.S., regardless of legal status. Federal courts have repeatedly supported that interpretation.

Concerns that the Republican administration wouldn’t vigorously defend the 2020 count were raised by census and redistricting experts when the young Republican groups sued in federal court in Tampa in September.

“The Commerce Department, you know, might just throw up their hands and say, ‘We agree with the plaintiffs,’” said Jeffrey Wice, a New York Law School professor.

The lawsuit by the University of South Florida College Republicans and the Pinellas County Young Republicans challenges two methods used during the 2020 census — “differential privacy” and “imputation” for group quarters, which include college dorms, nursing homes and other places where people live together under one roof.

Differential privacy adds intentional errors to the data to obscure the identity of any given participant in the 2020 census while still providing statistically valid information. Imputation is a process of using other information to fill in data about people when census-takers can’t reach anyone at a particular address.

Although the 2020 census numbers were released during the first months of Democratic President Joe Biden’s administration, the execution and final planning for the head count, including the decision to use the statistical methods, took place during Trump’s first term.

The 2020 census faced unprecedented obstacles from the COVID-19 pandemic, hurricanes and wildfires, social unrest and efforts by the Trump administration to end the count early. Group quarters such as college dorms and nursing homes were especially challenging because campuses were closed and care facilities restricted access in an effort to halt the spread of COVID-19.

In the Florida lawsuit, three federal judges have been designated to hear arguments in the case. Two of the judges were nominated by Republican presidents, George H.W. Bush and Trump, and the third was nominated by President Barack Obama, a Democrat.

Follow Mike Schneider on the social platform Bluesky: @mikeysid.bsky.social

By MICHAEL KUNZELMAN

WASHINGTON (AP) — A federal agent fired shots at an unarmed Black man during a recent traffic stop while patrolling the nation’s capital for President Donald Trump’s law-enforcement surge. But a police report on the encounter doesn’t mention the shooting, an omission that the man’s attorneys point to as evidence of a cover-up attempt.

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The Metropolitan Police Department is investigating the shooting by a Homeland Security Investigations agent, who was with police officers and other federal agents when they stopped a car driven by Phillip M. Brown on Oct. 17.

Brown, 33, of Hyattsville, Maryland, wasn’t injured in the shooting. He was jailed for three days on a charge that he fled from law enforcement, but a judge has already dismissed the case.

Brown’s lawyers claim the police department tried to cover up the shooting by leaving it out of the police report and refusing to provide them with video from police body cameras. At a court hearing for Brown’s criminal case, a police officer testified that he was instructed not to include the shooting in the police report, according to civil rights attorneys Bernadette Armand and E. Paige White. They said police also failed to disclose the shooting to a prosecutor assigned to the case.

The judge who dismissed the case against Brown ruled that there was insufficient evidence that he was fleeing, according to Brown’s attorneys. The gunshots struck Brown’s driver-side window and front passenger seat at chest level, the lawyers said.

“We are lucky that our client is alive. He could very well be dead,” White said.

The officer’s police report says Brown revved his sport utility vehicle’s engine and began driving toward law-enforcement officers before he rear-ended another vehicle. A Department of Homeland Security spokesperson says the agent who fired his gun feared for his life “and the lives of others” when he fired “defensive shots” into the vehicle.

“This incident is not isolated and reflects a growing and dangerous trend of vehicles being used as weapons against DHS law enforcement,” the DHS spokesperson said in a statement. “Our officers are facing a 1000% increase in assaults against them including vehicle rammings, terrorist attacks, and even bounties for their murders. The violence must end.”

Armand said it is “outrageous” for DHS to claim that the shooting was justified when there is no mention of the shooting in the police report.

“Of course they’re going to say it was justified. What are they going to say? ‘We shot at an unarmed Black man in his car in a routine traffic stop for nothing?’ They’re not going to say that. They’re going to say whatever they have to say to justify their actions,” Armand said.

This image provided by Elizabeth Paige White shows bullet holes in a vehicle of Phillip M. Brown after a Homeland Security Investigations agent fired shots Oct. 17, 2025, in Washington, during a traffic stop. (Elizabeth Paige White via AP)

A police report that doesn’t mention the shooting was filed in D.C. Superior Court for Brown’s criminal case. Metropolitan Police Department spokesman Tom Lynch provided The Associated Press with a copy of a separate report for the internal affairs division’s parallel investigation of the shooting.

“We are the agency investigating the officer-involved shooting, and we have been continuously since Oct. 17th,” Lynch said. He declined to comment on the officer’s testimony about the omission of the shooting from the report on Brown’s arrest.

In August, Trump, a Republican, issued an executive order declaring a crime emergency in Washington. For nearly three months, the White House has deployed hundreds of federal agents and over 2,000 National Guard members to help police patrol the city’s neighborhoods.

Agents from the FBI, U.S. Customs and Border Patrol, the Diplomatic Security Service and the U.S. Marshals Service also were patrolling with two MPD officers and the HSI agent who shot at Brown, according to the police report. They stopped Brown for having heavily tinted windows and no front plate on his sport utility vehicle, the report says.

Brown’s attorneys say his traffic stop demonstrates the risky nature of patrols by federal agents who aren’t adequately trained for police work.

“It’s not OK to have agents and officers on the streets who are engaged in shooting at unarmed people and then covering it up after the fact,” Armand said. “There’s no trust there. There’s no accountability there. And there’s no credibility there.”

A magistrate judge in D.C. Superior Court ordered Brown’s release on Oct. 21. He was traumatized by his arrest and experiences in jail, his lawyers said. They’re weighing a possible lawsuit over his arrest.

By KIM TONG-HYUNG

SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — North Korea said Wednesday it fired sea-to-surface cruise missiles into its western waters, in another display of its growing military capabilities as U.S. President Donald Trump travels to South Korea for a regional summit.

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North Korea’s official Korean Central News Agency described Tuesday’s tests as a success, saying the missiles flew for more than two hours before accurately striking targets. The agency claimed that the weapons would contribute to expanding the operational sphere of the country’s nuclear-armed military.

South Korea’s military didn’t immediately confirm whether it had detected the tests.

The North Korean report came hours before an expected summit between Trump and South Korean President Lee Jae Myung in the city of Gyeongju, where South Korea is hosting this year’s Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meetings.

KCNA said the tests were attended by senior military official Pak Jong Chon, who also inspected training for sailors aboard North Korea’s newly developed destroyers Choe Hyon and Kang Kon, which leader Kim Jong Un has described as key assets in his efforts to strengthen the navy.

This photo provided by North Korean government shows what it says a test of a sea-to-surface cruise missile at an undisclosed place in North Korea, Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2025. Independent journalists were not given access to cover the event depicted in this image distributed by the North Korean government. The content of this image is as provided and cannot be independently verified. Korean language watermark on image as provided by source reads: “KCNA” which is the abbreviation for Korean Central News Agency. (Korean Central News Agency/Korea News Service via AP)

North Korea’s latest launches followed short-range ballistic missile tests last week that it said involved a new hypersonic system designed to strengthen its nuclear war deterrent.

Trump has expressed interest in meeting with Kim during his stay in South Korea, where he is also scheduled to hold a summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping. However, South Korean officials have said a Trump–Kim meeting is unlikely.

North Korea has shunned any form of talks with Washington and Seoul since Kim’s high-stakes nuclear diplomacy with Trump fell apart in 2019 during the American president’s first term.

Kim’s top foreign policy priority is now Russia. In recent months, he has sent thousands of troops and large quantities of military equipment to help fuel President Vladimir Putin’s war in Ukraine, while embracing the idea of a “new Cold War” and positions his country as part of a united front against the U.S.-led West.

Last month, Kim reiterated he wouldn’t return to talks with the United States unless Washington drops its demand for North Korea’s denuclearization, after Trump repeatedly expressed his hopes for new diplomacy.