The Two Killings of Craig Robertson

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PROVO, Utah — It was almost as though Craig Robertson knew what was coming.

“Hey Merrick Garland, You Demented Weasel,” he wrote on Facebook last fall. “Send your FBI Swat Team to my house.”

Ten months later, the SWAT team came.

Nyla Rollins was about to take her dogs outside when she heard explosions coming from the direction of the brownish purple split-level on the other side of her back fence — one, then another and, after a while, a third. It was around 6 a.m. on Aug. 9 in this sleepy city south of Salt Lake, home to 100,000 people and a single bar. Outside, Rollins found a swarm of federal agents was already in position. Katie Monson, who lives next door to the split-level and was getting ready for work, said she could see out of every window an officer with a flak jacket and a rifle. Rollins could see officers by the back door with a battering ram. One of them advised her to head back inside. Another cluster of officers with night vision goggles and ballistic shields lined up by Robertson’s front door. An armored vehicle straddled the edge of his front yard and driveway, just feet from the picture window of his living room, where a sign with an illustration of an outward-facing revolver read “Never mind the dog / Beware of owner.”

Rollins saw a light flicker on in Robertson’s kitchen. In the cul-de-sac, an unmarked white SUV blared a message over a loudspeaker on repeat: Craig Robertson, this is the FBI. Come out with your hands up. A long mechanical boom reached out from the armored vehicle and shattered Robertson’s front window. Neighbors thought they heard Robertson yelling: “Get out of my driveway.” Others heard: “I did not commit a federal crime.” As soon as she heard the window shatter, Monson, who has military experience, rushed to her 5-year-old son and laid him on the floor in case people started to shoot.

Moments later, she heard a steady burst of six shots from what sounded to her like a single weapon, then “Shots fired, shots fired,” and finally, “He has a weapon.” Robertson, 75 years old and nearly 300 pounds, was soon carried, bleeding, to the sidewalk and laid on his back. By the time the ambulance came a few minutes later, Monson said, it was clear his injuries were fatal.

The official reason for the FBI raid on Robertson’s home emerged later that day in the form of a federal criminal complaint originally filed under seal and detailing alleged threats Robertson made against Democratic political figures on social media. A few days earlier, in what appeared to be his final Facebook post, Robertson had written: “I HEAR BIDEN IS COMING TO UTAH,” in his customary all-caps, describing the president’s anticipated Aug. 9 visit to Salt Lake City. “DIGGING OUT MY OLD GHILLIE SUIT AND CLEANING THE DUST OFF THE M24 SNIPER RIFLE. WELCOME, BUFFOON-IN-CHIEF!”

Wherever the line lies between protected speech and the federal statute against threats “to take the life of, to kidnap, or to inflict bodily harm upon the President of the United States,” Robertson seems to have crossed it without much thought for what might ensue. But federal authorities had been parsing Robertson’s words for months.

On March 18, the same day former President Donald Trump had urged supporters to protest his prosecution by Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg for hush money payments to the adult film star Stormy Daniels, Robertson posted that he was “heading to New York.” “I’ll be waiting in the courthouse parking garage with my suppressed Smith & Wesson M&P 9mm to smoke a radical fool prosecutor that should never have been elected.” That threat had invited a visit from the FBI to Robertson’s house, which hadn’t gone well. “We’re done here,” agents reported Robertson said after they confirmed his identity. “Don’t return without a warrant.”  

Which they did.

And this is the point where the death of Craig Robertson became a prism, splitting the facts into two divergent narratives about the state of the country. Most mainstream coverage emphasized Robertson’s extreme rhetoric and his cache of weapons. On conservative talk shows and cable news, however, the extreme behavior was not Robertson’s but the government’s. Where one camp saw a straightforward connection between threats and the possibility of actual violence, the other saw a government overreacting to opinions they didn’t like.

“I just can’t believe this required a SWAT team and a dawn raid,” one of Robertson’s friends, an art history professor at a local community college, said on Glenn Beck’s radio show the day after Robertson was killed. “He may be a hothead, he may be a crank, but he’s not going to be that kind of a threat.”

To his friends and family, Robertson was an overweight retiree who walked with a cane and drove the half-block to church every Sunday and slept in a recliner because he found it difficult to get out of bed. He hadn’t gone to New York to carry out his threat against Bragg. It seems he hadn’t even driven the hour to Salt Lake City in years.

The tricky question for federal law enforcement in a country awash in both guns and violent political rhetoric is how to figure out which version of Craig Robertson they ought to take seriously. Some of Robertson’s posts — including a photo of a basement wall mounted with AR-15s and the casual repetition of a line like “Death to Joe Biden” — seem downright commonplace in a political environment where the last presidential election featured armed protests at county election offices, and a mob’s threats to hang the vice president are still extolled as free speech.

Then again, Robertson was a lifelong gunsmith whose posts had become more graphic and specific just at the moment law enforcement confronted a broad increase in threats against public officials. The Capitol Police have seen threats against members of Congress increase tenfold since 2016. Conspiracies about both Covid restrictions and the 2020 election have driven unprecedented threats against local school board and election officials, to the extent that many have resigned citing security concerns. In September, the FBI created a unit specifically to deal with threats against its agents and their families because of a widespread belief on the right that the Justice Department has deliberately avoided a serious investigation of Hunter Biden. The U.S. Marshals Service, responsible for security in federal courts, says “threats and inappropriate communications” targeting judges, staff and jurors are up threefold since 2015. Earlier this month, a man who took a loaded handgun to the Wisconsin state capitol looking for Democratic Governor Tony Evers was arrested, posted bail and returned that night with an assault rifle.

To the extent people take their cues from political leaders, Trump’s example is both cynical and corrosive, relentlessly blurring the line between metaphorical and actual violence. As a candidate, he presided over rallies where “lock her up” became a signature refrain. He was impeached for having stoked a crowd that attacked the Capitol on Jan. 6. Recently, Trump suggested that Gen. Mark Milley, the outgoing chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, deserved execution for treason.

The FBI’s internal review of what led agents to kill Craig Robertson is ongoing; so is the independent investigation of the incident by the Utah County attorney required under state law. Neither the FBI nor the Secret Service responded to inquiries regarding the number of threats against public officials they investigate. But all told, the FBI’s National Threat Operations Center sifts through more than 3,000 tips a day, trying to distinguish between bluster and intent. Was Robertson the hay or the needle? And how could you even tell the difference?

‘Facebook just shut me down’

Three weeks after the FBI raid, I found myself sitting in Craig Robertson’s kitchen. His youngest son, Frank, 47, who works in IT at a health care company, had agreed to meet me at his father’s home to talk. We sat beside cases of Dr Pepper Zero and a side table covered with mailers still arriving to Robertson’s address from the NRA (“Banned Gun Sale”) and Gun Owners of America. Streaks of light framed the plywood over the shattered front window. A wood-block calendar atop the fridge read Aug. 8.

Robertson’s kitchen was tidy but close to overflowing. A tall wire shelf held multiple pancake batter dispensers still in their boxes, saucepans, strainers, skillets and a generously provisioned spice rack. The meal Frank remembers most vividly from his childhood was his father’s Dutch-oven pheasant, brought home from hunting trips and cleaned in the backyard (his mother couldn’t stand the gore, he said), then cooked on the embers of a fire built in a section of steel pipe from a job site.

Frank said his parents were married only a couple years out of high school. Craig did a stint with the Air Force in Nevada, then took up welding at trade school back in Utah. In the Dutch-oven years, the family lived in a small town called Payson, where Frank remembers being taught at age four how to hold both a welding rod and a gun. Never point a weapon at anything except a paper target or something you intend to eat, his father instructed. Craig Robertson didn’t buy his ammo new. He was a “reloader,” carefully measuring out the primer and gunpowder, and crimping each new projectile in place. “That was the thing that drew him about guns,” Frank explained — the chemistry, the engineering, the precision.

In a letter it took him nearly 40 years to write, Robertson explained to his children he felt he’d married too young, and become a father before he knew himself. He split with the children’s mother when Frank was 8, seldom to be seen again. As an adult, Frank said, his father periodically came into the woodworking shop where Frank worked to buy supplies. “He was kind of a stranger,” Frank explained. “I would see him basically like every 10 years at a funeral.”

Craig Robertson’s career as a welder on bridge and road projects and a local mall came to end when his knees gave out and he switched to inspecting other welders’ work full-time. He’d remarried happily in the 1980s and became a surrogate uncle to the family of his old hunting buddy, Steve Terry. Robertson spent holidays with Terry, his wife, Patti, and the 13 kids in their blended family, cooking rice pudding and habanero chutney. Photos of Robertson in the FBI’s criminal complaint are of a 2009 deer hunting trip with the Terrys, where Robertson appears in his homemade camouflage outfit, the ghillie suit he would later mention in his ill-fated post. “He had bucks walking right past him,” Terry told me.

Frank walked me down a short flight of stairs from the kitchen to his father’s office and small gunsmithing shop, where a crumpled Make America Great Again hat sat on a high shelf. The FBI had taken a lot; Frank had the receipt. The workbench that once housed Robertson’s reloading supplies and tools was all but empty. Straps dangled from the walls where close to a dozen AR-15s had hung.

Standing in his father’s office, Frank gazed at a bookshelf holding volumes of ancient history and a Spanish-language copy of the Book of Mormon alongside Glenn Beck books like Agenda 21, a dystopian thriller inspired by a non-binding U.N. resolution on sustainable development, and Control: Exposing the Truth about Guns. Upstairs, pinned to the door, was a printout of a political cartoon depicting crude stand-ins for Biden and Black Lives Matter activists fleeing the disorder of blue cities for Trump-loving suburbs where mammoth gun barrels protrude from every home.

A two-part caption framed the illustration: “DEMOCRATS/BIDEN/HARRIS/BLACK LIVES MATTER/ANTIFA…ALL DESTROYING THE DEMOCRAT RUN CITIES OF AMERICA!!! THEN THE COWARDLY LITTLE BASTARDS THOUGHT THEY COULD TAKE OVER THE SUBURBS. FORGOT THAT ARMED PATRIOTS LIVE HERE.”

Frank, who identifies as an independent, knew his father had been an avid consumer of far-right blogs and podcasts but he couldn’t name them. He knew that his father loved to watch YouTube videos known as “First Amendment audits,” which he described as going “to a place to film to create a confrontation with the police.” (First Amendment auditors test the limits of the law’s protections by training their video cameras on places that will attract suspicion — outside a military base, the entrance to a bank, a restaurant’s outdoor patio.) Every time politics came up between father and son, Frank said, it would cease to be a conversation — just talking points and rote invective against Democrats “taking away our freedoms.” Though he was friends with his father on Facebook, Frank had unfollowed his posts years ago. It was easier to talk about woodworking.

When Robertson’s second wife died of cancer in 2008, he seemed to reevaluate his life. There was the letter to his children, a move from the trailer he’d shared with her to the split-level where he died, and a renewed commitment to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which he’d left as a young adult. Robertson was a ward clerk, keeping membership rolls, taking attendance.

Overall, though, his world was getting smaller. Robertson retired sooner than he’d planned, in 2017, when business slowed at the engineering firm where he worked. He had to give up the gleaming Chevy Colorado pickup he’d bought because he could no longer afford the payments. He gained weight and began walking with a cane. He couldn’t get into a boat for duck hunting or hike to hunt for deer and elk. He stopped going to the gun range. He still saw the Terrys, and spent countless hours in his garage woodshop, but increasingly he drew out what he wanted to build and Steve Terry did the actual carpentry.

Online, however, the picture of a devout man with a lifetime of regrets and a fondness for tinkering was replaced by a disembodied voice shouting endless vitriol. Social media allowed Robertson to show off the guns he still loved to clean and maintain, and, it seemed, gave him an outlet for the rage that the people close to him didn’t want to hear about. Though his posts drew little to no engagement — with a few exceptions, those that survived as screenshots showed no likes or comments before they were taken down — they did attract the notice of Facebook moderators. “Facebook just shut me down for 30 days because I suggested people need to store food, water, ammunition and arms for the coming assault on our freedoms by the communist Biden Regime,” Robertson posted on Parler in January 2021. “They said I was publishing harmful things, inciting resistance against the government. If that’s the case, I really need to stockpile these necessities because my government is planning martial law and suspending our rights.”

Neighbors remember a cordial, solitary man who carried a handgun to do everything except take out the trash. LDS churches prohibit firearms, but while Robertson did carry concealed, he did not seem to be keeping a secret. “Craig,” one neighbor remembered asking him, “why do you take a gun to church?”

“People in this country are crazy,” Robertson replied. “If, all of a sudden, someone shows up in my church trying to do something, I have a way to defend myself.”

There were moments, though, when his good-guy-with-a-gun posture looked more like paranoia.

‘You threatened somebody with a gun’

In August 2018, two workers adding Google Fiber service to a neighbor’s home were working on a utility pole in Robertson’s backyard when he came out of the house wielding a handgun. The utility workers retreated to their truck and called the police, who showed up about 20 minutes later. The body camera footage begins at about 12:45 p.m. on a Monday afternoon and provides an opportunity both to see and hear Robertson in the flesh; it’s an interaction that likely loomed large in the FBI’s understanding of Robertson before the fatal raid.

“Can I do something for you, officer?” Robertson calls out from inside as three officers approach his front door.

“What’s that?” the officer says.

“Speak to me,” Robertson says, approaching the door and hushing a small dog, an AR-15 slung over his shoulder.

“Put the gun down,” says the first officer.

“Speak to me,” Robertson repeats, louder. The two officers in front of the door unholster their weapons.

“Put your weapon away when you come on my property,” Robertson says.

Officer: “You want me to speak to you? Put the gun down.”

“I’m on my property.”

Officer: “Yes, you are. I’m here to talk to you about how you threatened somebody with a gun.”

“I didn’t threaten them! They were trespassing.”

Officer: “Were you holding a gun while talking to them?”

“I had my weapon at the ready position like this.”

“Sir, watch the muzzle of your gun so that we don’t have to…,” a second officer says.

“I’m watching the muzzle of my gun,” Robertson says, annoyed.

After several minutes of this, Robertson puts his weapon away and returns to the door unarmed. The officers begin to write a report, walking Robertson through the earlier encounter. Yes, the utility workers rang the doorbell twice before entering his yard, Robertson acknowledges. And yes, they were wearing hard hats and fluorescent vests. But Robertson says he couldn’t get to the door when they rang. Besides, he was afraid his dog would escape through the open gate.

“You understand that you’re possibly going to be charged?” asks the first officer.

“They left my gate open and that pissed me off,” Robertson repeats.

“OK, but that does not warrant brandishing a firearm.”

“Even on my own property,” Robertson says.

“Correct.”

“Well, I’m sorry about that,” Robertson says, and then, “Let’s deescalate, shall we?”

Robertson emerges to take a seat on his porch, unmistakably at ease. “So, I’m the one at fault, and they’re not?” he says. “Talk about screwed up laws.” When Robertson asks to go back inside for his glasses, one officer proposes she go instead. “Are there any people inside?” she asks.

“Dozens!” Robertson says, apparently hearing “weapons.” The officer returns with Robertson’s glasses moments later, but even as the encounter outside turns to paperwork, it’s clear that the police view the risk as ongoing. Two other officers pick their way through the living room, quietly cataloguing the weapons they see — “He’s got two ARs, a pistol, a shotgun.”

“Those are beautiful pistols,” one says to the other, “old German Lugers,” stopping to turn on the safety of one weapon. The plan was to sweep the house for other people, close Robertson’s dog in the bathroom, and, in case the prosecutor on call wanted to pursue charges, be ready to confiscate the firearms used in the confrontation. In the end no charges were filed: “Mr. Robertson was expressing his 2nd amendment rights,” the police report reads, paraphrasing the city attorney, “albeit a bit recklessly.”

The cops keep Robertson occupied with small talk, laughing at his jokes, complimenting him on his woodworking, and listening patiently as he brags about the last time he pulled a weapon on a police officer on his property or threatened neighborhood teenagers with being “stomped” in the bushes. They suggest ways to avoid a repeat confrontation — a doorbell cam, or a peephole, perhaps, even a peek out the window — as the utility workers return to the yard to complete their installation.

“We’re not trying to take away your constitutional right to own firearms, or carry firearms, by any means,” one officer says. “We appreciate it when law-abiding citizens have firearms because we have that much more backup.”

At the end of an hour, as the officers wrap up, Robertson is displaying a handmade wooden sleigh and telling the lone female officer about his favorite guns. “I carry a Sig Sauer P 215 .45, and I also have a Sig Sauer P 215 in .40.” Robertson flashes a wide grin. The officer seems glad to be leaving.

‘Social media and real life are two different worlds’

On March 19, the morning after Robertson’s threat against Bragg, according to the later complaint, FBI agents were on hand to watch him drive to church and made contact with him when he got home. Standing in the driveway, Robertson confirmed that the username @winston4eagles was his. When the agents said they wanted speak with him about his post, he replied, “I said it was a dream,” and told them not to come back without a warrant. A few days later, Steve and Patti Terry were over at Robertson’s house when he brought up the FBI’s visit, adding, in their re-telling, that the agents were “banging on the door.”

“I wasn’t gonna let them in,” Steve said, paraphrasing his friend.

“I told Steve, as we’re walking out to our car,” Patti recalled, “I kind of doubt if that really happened, because, you know, he was telling it in that Craig way” — long on feeling, short on facts.

The Terrys were seated on a beige couch in their living room in an upscale subdivision south of Provo. Their RV was parked out front, and horse motifs and mementos of Robertson’s woodworking decorated the walls. Every fall, Robertson and Steve built handmade Christmas presents for the Terrys’ grandchildren — rocking horses one year, wooden gum ball dispensers the next. They’d agreed to meet with me in part because they couldn’t believe the media had gotten their friend so wrong. “They portrayed him as like a terrorist, and he’s not like that at all,” Steve said. “He’s just a fun-loving guy.” As for the notion that Robertson’s posts represented a genuine threat to life, Patti said, “He was not physically capable of doing any of that.”

One could ask: How fit do you need to be to pose a mortal danger with an AR-15? Whatever his limitations, the FBI appeared to take Robertson at his word, probably because he had addressed them so directly: “TO MY FRIENDS IN THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF IDIOTS: I KNOW YOU’RE READING THIS AND YOU HAVE NO IDEA HOW CLOSE YOUR AGENTS CAME TO ‘VIOLENT ERADICATION,’” he wrote after the agents’ visit in March, according to the FBI’s complaint. “THE FBI TRIED TO INTERFERE WITH MY FREE SPEECH RIGHT IN MY DRIVEWAY. MY 45ACP WAS READY TO SMOKE ‘EM!!!,” he added, days later.

“I believe ‘FBI’ refers to SA-1 and me, ‘45ACP’ refers to a .45 caliber handgun, and ‘SMOKE ‘EM’ refers to shooting SA-1 and me,” one of the FBI’s special agents wrote in the complaint. It’s unclear if the agency knew what else was going on in Robertson’s life, or whether it would have colored their view; Robertson’s eldest son, who was blind from diabetes and had been living with him since 2019, had suffered a stroke just a few weeks before Robertson’s threats against Biden intensified. He had just been moved to an assisted living facility when the raid took place, and has been told only that his father died suddenly.

The Terrys, too, struggled to articulate their friend’s political views beyond saying he was a strong believer in the Constitution and individual liberties. Steve says he didn’t pay much attention to Robertson’s social media posts; like Frank Robertson, Patti had unfollowed Craig years ago. If we were to tell the story of Craig Robertson’s views of the American government, I asked them, what would the chapters be? A specific law? The Iraq War? The 2020 election?

“I don’t remember him saying much of anything before the Biden administration,” Patti offered. He didn’t think the 2020 election was decided fairly, she explained, “and I don’t either.”

“Maybe there was some truth to what he was saying and the government didn’t like it,” Steve said. “‘Wait a minute, this guy is saying too much: We need to shut him up.’”

Robertson’s daughter, Shanda, who lives in Virginia, is not on social media at all, and still hasn’t seen her father’s posts online. But they spoke by phone every Sunday in recent years, praying and reading the Book of Mormon together. “When we talked politics, oftentimes it was in relation to things we read in scriptures of a lost and fallen world,” she told me, recalling a part of the Book of Mormon that deals with a government which collapses under the weight of its own corruption. “I know my father had a real belief and a real fear that our society was destroying itself from within in that same way, especially in the last couple of years.”

A former attorney and veteran of Republican presidential campaigns, Shanda also spent several years working on Capitol Hill, where she was a staffer on the Judiciary Committee chaired by former Utah Senator Orrin Hatch. Of that growing rot among our political leaders, she said, “He believes it came from Democrat politicians; I personally believe it comes from all around.” Still, when a federal agent knocked on her door this past April, after the FBI’s attempt at a conversation with her father in Provo, Shanda was sure her father was being targeted for his political views.

“We all know that what happens on social media and in real life are two different worlds,” she told me. I read a portion of Robertson’s last post — the threat against Biden — aloud over the phone, and Shanda pointed out that her father had difficulty walking. “Have you ever been in proximity to the president?” she asked. “Would he have even gotten close?”

That seemed to be the consensus view among the online right, where Robertson’s death quickly became a cause célèbre. Facebook comments featured comparisons to Ruby Ridge and denunciations of a “two-tiered justice system.” Several posts featured photos of a man who stood just outside the police tape around Robertson’s house, holding a large “Fuck Biden” flag. The fact that the FBI had been monitoring Robertson for nearly six months was taken not as a sign of restraint, but dystopian overreach. As Ali Alexander, the Stop the Steal rally organizer, framed it on Telegram, “FBI is now killing all online critics of Biden.” A few days later, the FBI took the unusual step of updating its initial statement about Robertson’s death, which had not mentioned a weapon or a threatening gesture, asserting that he had “resisted arrest” and “pointed a .357 revolver” at agents attempting to take him into custody.

The reaction from official sources in Utah was either silence — not a single member of Provo’s City Council or the Utah County Commission agreed to speak to me about the incident — or something closer to One America News Network anchor Jack Posobiec: “If you make posts like that, you better expect a knock on the door from law enforcement, but the question is: Was the pre-dawn raid the only way to go about this?”

“I think that’s a question that in one form or another, I’m hearing everybody want answers on,” Charles Wood, the vice chair of the Utah County Republican Party, told me. “Could it have been done better?”

‘I don’t think he died because of his mouth’

“I want it to be clear: Craig Robertson was killed because of his actions, not because of his beliefs,” said Karl Schmae, who spent a decade on the same SWAT team that raided Robertson’s home.

Schmae wasn’t speaking for the FBI. But he laid out for me the logic of the raid like this: Because Robertson made threats specific enough to be seen as the outlines of a plan, however far-fetched, he warranted investigation. Because he reacted to the investigation with still more threats, including against FBI agents, his was considered a “high-risk arrest,” all the more so given his history of answering the door with a rifle capable of piercing body armor. Because he made a direct threat against the president three days before Biden was expected to arrive in the region, they had to act quickly. And finally, because he pulled a gun, the agents were authorized to use deadly force.

This is the ever-narrowing lens applied by law enforcement, down to the instant before Robertson was shot. “There’s all sorts of different ways you could have done it if the president wasn’t in town,” Greg Rogers, another retired agent from the Salt Lake City field office, said. “But when the president’s going to be in town and he makes that threat, you just got to go, right?”

If you zoomed out instead, you could see an entirely different picture, of a cavalier federal agency that didn’t seem to care what people in Provo thought. The tactical approach taken by the FBI almost seemed designed to bring out the most paranoid fantasies of a self-described anti-government gunsmith: a pre-dawn approach, an armored vehicle with a mechanical boom to shatter a picture window, a dozen men in combat gear with semi-automatic weapons, identifying themselves over a megaphone, but also not pausing to let an obese 75-year-old get dressed before barging in. Friends and neighbors didn’t understand why Robertson’s body lay unattended on the sidewalk for hours, and why the FBI hadn’t bothered to secure his home after breaking down the doors, leaving volunteers from Robertson’s church to board up the place. Monson, the next-door neighbor, was grateful for her son’s sake that a local firefighter had left a bouquet of flowers on a rock outside, and that a Provo cop had put them in a vase.

If there’s a constitutional lesson embedded in the killing of Craig Robertson, it’s that if you push the limits of the First Amendment and the Second Amendment far enough, they will eventually collide. And, perhaps, people will be killed. Ours is a time when the received wisdom of the Supreme Court is essentially that you can say anything you want and carry whatever you want, increasingly wherever you want. A century ago, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. famously defined one limit of the First Amendment’s protections somewhere short of “Falsely shouting fire in a theatre.” On the internet, we have a theater where we’re all shouting all the time, stripped of the ability to see flame or smell smoke. In this subjective free-for-all, the Supreme Court has been inclined to take a more libertarian view. In a recent cyber-stalking case out of Colorado, the court allowed that its decision, which upheld a stalker’s right to free speech, “makes prosecution of otherwise proscribable, and often dangerous, communications harder.”

Meanwhile, the pile of dangerous communications through which law enforcement must sift is larger than ever. Both Schmae and Rogers, who worked domestic terrorism cases undercover until his retirement in 2017, see a clear link between the increase in threats and the conspiracy theories about the 2020 election, with many more Craig Robertsons on the horizon. “They honestly believe that the government’s now corrupt,” Rogers said. “And because the government’s corrupt and you have a president who stole the election, you’re allowed to do stuff that you weren’t allowed to do before.”

It reminded me of something another of Robertson’s neighbors had said, after years of exchanging pleasantries and bags of peaches from his own yard. “Death? He didn’t go looking for it. It was Donald Trump who sent them here to kill him,” he said, by encouraging the same conspiracies that overtook the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021. “He had the power to give people an order to stop, and he didn’t do it. I don’t think he died because of his mouth. I think he died because of Trump’s.”

‘His Commitment Is Not to Democracy’: The Christian Nationalist Ideas That Drive Mike Johnson

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On Wednesday, when newly elected House Speaker Mike Johnson’s gave his first speech in that role, he quoted British statesman and philosopher GK Chesterton, who once said, “America is the only nation in the world that is founded upon a creed,” and that it is “listed with almost theological lucidity in the Declaration of Independence.”

“That is the creed that has animated our nation since its founding and has made us the great nation that we are,” Johnson said.

That line caught the attention of Kristin Kobes Du Mez, a historian who specializes in evangelical Christianity and politics. The idea that America is founded on a creed is a common one among evangelicals, and it was a sign to her that Johnson adheres to a worldview that can be described as Christian nationalist.

Johnson, a Shreveport, Louisiana, native, entered politics after spending more than two decades defending conservative Christian causes as a litigator at the conservative legal advocacy group Alliance Defending Freedom, and throughout his career, he has argued in courts and drafted legislation to outlaw same-sex marriage and restrict abortion.

That was one reason I reached out Du Mez, who combed through his long record of statements about his beliefs and influences to help me understand how his faith drives his politics. “As he understands it, this country was founded as a Christian nation,” Du Mez told me. “So really, Christian supremacy and a particular type of conservative Christianity is at the heart of Johnson’s understanding of the Constitution and an understanding of our government.”

I talked with Du Mez about Johnson’s roots in the Christian right, the figures in that world who have shaped his understanding of American politics, and the anti-democratic turn she has watched the Christian right take in the past several years — particularly the striking way it coincided with attempts by former President Donald Trump, and Johnson himself, to overturn the 2020 election.

This conversation has been edited for clarity and length.

Katelyn Fossett: I want to talk to you a little about Mike Johnson’s worldview and the belief system that has shaped him.

Kristin Kobes Du Mez: He is incredibly standard in terms of being a right-wing, white evangelical Christian nationalist.

Fossett: Tell me a little more about what makes someone a Christian nationalist. Does he use that phrase to describe himself?

Du Mez: I don’t know that he uses that. But I feel comfortable applying that; it’s not in a pejorative way. It’s simply descriptive. As he understands it, this country was founded as a Christian nation. And he stands in a long tradition of conservative white evangelicals, particularly inside the Southern Baptist Convention, who have a distinct understanding of what that means. And this is where evangelical author and activist David Barton comes in.

Johnson has said that Barton’s ideas and teachings have been extremely influential on him, and that is essentially rooting him in this longer tradition of Christian nationalism. Christian nationalism essentially posits the idea that America is founded on God’s laws, and that the Constitution is a reflection of God’s laws. Therefore, any interpretation of the Constitution must align with Christian nationalists’ understanding of God’s laws. Freedom for them means freedom to obey God’s law, not freedom to do what you want. So really, Christian supremacy and a particular type of conservative Christianity is at the heart of Johnson’s understanding of the Constitution and an understanding of our government.

You’ll see this in some of his speeches. In his speech on Wednesday, he incorporated a G.K. Chesterton quote about the U.S. being based on a creed. And he said the American creed is “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal.”

But he goes much deeper than that, and really roots that in what he would call a biblical worldview: The core principles of our nation reflect these biblical truths and biblical principles. He has gone on record saying things like, for him, this biblical worldview means that all authority comes from God and that there are distinct realms of God-ordained authority, and that is the family, the church and the government.

Now, all this authority, of course, is under this broader understanding of God-given authority. So it’s not the right of any parents to decide what’s best for their kids; it’s the right of parents to decide what’s best for their kids in alignment with his understanding of biblical law. Same thing with the church’s role: It is to spread Christianity but also to care for the poor. That’s not the government’s job.

And then the government’s job is to support this understanding of authority and to align the country with God’s laws.

Fossett: Tell me more about David Barton.

Du Mez: Barton is a very popular author in conservative evangelical spaces, and he is the founder of an organization called Wallbuilders. It is an organization that for decades has been promoting the idea that the separation of church and state is a myth. He is a self-trained historian. Some would call him a pseudo-historian. He’s not a historian — I can say that, as a historian. He’s an apologist. He uses historical evidence, cherry-picked and sometimes entirely fabricated, to make a case that the separation of church and state is a myth, and it was only meant to protect the church from the intrusion of the state but that the church is supposed to influence the government. He’s the author of a number of very popular books.

Back in the early 1990s, Jerry Falwell, Sr., started promoting his teachings. I noticed that Johnson said he was — I think about 25 years ago —introduced to David Barton’s work, and it has really influenced the way he understands America. And that would be around that same time.

It’s really hard to overstate the influence that Barton has had in conservative evangelical spaces. For them, he has really defined America as a Christian nation. What that means is that he kind of takes conservative, white evangelical ideals from our current moment, and says that those were all baked into the Constitution, and that God has elected America to be a special nation, and that the nation will be blessed if we respond in obedience and maintain that, and not if we go astray. It really fuels evangelical politics and the idea that evangelicalism has a special role to play to get the country back on track.

I should also add that Barton’s Christian publisher back in 2012 actually pulled one of his books on Thomas Jefferson, because it was just riddled with misinformation. But that did not really affect his popularity. And again, these are not historical facts that we’re dealing with. It really is propaganda, but it’s incredibly effective propaganda. If you listen to Christian radio, you will hear them echoed. It’s just this pervasive understanding of our nation’s history that is based on fabrication.

Fossett: I’ve heard this idea from reporters and analysts that Mike Johnson is sort of a throwback to an earlier era, mostly the George W. Bush era, when there was this split, and alliance, between the business establishment and the social conservatives, which included evangelicals. I’m wondering if Johnson is in fact an evangelical like those earlier ones, or if he represents something new in evangelical politics.

Du Mez: First, I would say that any kind of split between the business conservatives and the social conservatives is not so clear-cut. It’s important to realize that one of Johnson’s core principles of American conservatism — as he reiterated them in his speech on Wednesday — is free enterprise. For conservative evangelicals, they don’t really see much of a tension between these, whereas the pro-business, old-school conservatives certainly would.

So he’s very much rooted in this longer history of the Christian right, and his years working with the Alliance Defending Freedom, an American Christian legal advocacy group, certainly has placed him at the center of things. That’s an incredibly important organization and really a hub of the Christian right for decades now; it would have put him in close contact with the movers and the shakers of the Christian right for a long time. So he’s rooted there. And he also has this nice-guy persona. That may seem like a bit of a throwback in the era of Trump.

But he is very much of this political moment in terms of his level of commitment to democracy. He spearheaded the congressional efforts to overturn the election. He is on the record as an election denier. Some have suggested that’s why he got the votes to be elected speaker. He’s a Trump supporter and Trump supporter in this regard, specifically: election denial.

I’ve noticed also in listening to his speeches that he is explicit about describing this country as a republic and not as a democracy. Inside these conservative Christian nationalist spaces, that is par for the course: that this is a republic, and it is a republic, again, founded in this biblical worldview, and that it’s not a democratic free-for-all. And so again, this is Christian supremacy.

If you align with this value system, then yes, you have the authority to shape our laws. If you do not, you have no business shaping our laws. He once said: “We don’t live in a democracy, because democracy is two wolves and a lamb deciding what’s for dinner.” Meaning, the country is not just majority rule; it’s a constitutional republic. And the founders set that up because they followed the biblical admonition on what a civil society is supposed to look like.

I think that’s really important here: His commitment is not to democracy. He’s not committed to majority rule; he seems to be saying he’s committed to minority rule, if that’s what it takes to ensure that we stay on the Christian foundation that the founders have set up.

Now, he would say that there’s really no tension here — that, again, if the Constitution represents this kind of biblical worldview that he suggests the founders embraced, then there’s going to really be no conflict. But he’s on record repeatedly talking about our nation being a republic, and in one case explicitly saying this isn’t a democracy, and that also is a very common theme in Christian nationalist circles and in conservative evangelical circles generally.

Fossett: I want to make sure I understand; how do these Christian nationalists see the distinction between a democracy and a republic?

Du Mez: When you press them on it, you’ll get different answers. What they’re doing is suggesting that the authority of the people in a popular democracy is constrained by whether or not people’s views align with … they would say the Constitution, but what they mean is a particular interpretation of the Constitution — one that understands the Constitution as being written to defend a particular Christian understanding of this country.

If you want to see what this means … well, one of his core principles is human dignity. Well, does that does that extend to the dignity of gay citizens or trans citizens? No, absolutely not. His understanding of human dignity is rooted in his understanding of biblical law. One of his core principles is the rule of law. But clearly, he’s comfortable with election denialism. So all of these core principles — freedom, limited government, human dignity — are interpreted through a conservative Christian lens and his understanding of what the Bible says ought to happen and how people ought to behave.

One thing I’ve spent a lot of time thinking about is whether we’ve seen an anti-democratic turn among the Christian right or if it was always at the core of the movement. And certainly if you listen to the kind of rhetoric of what we call Christian nationalism today, it’s been around a long time; they always understood America to be a Christian republic.

But I think what has escalated things in the last decade or so is a growing alarm among conservative white Christians that they no longer have numbers on their side. So looking at the demographic change in this country, the quote-unquote “end of white Christian America” and there’s where you can see a growing willingness to blatantly abandon any commitment to democracy.

It’s really during the Obama presidency that you see the escalation of not just rhetoric, but a kind of desperation, urgency, ruthlessness in pursuing this agenda. Religious freedom was at the center of that. And it was, again, not a religious freedom for all Americans; it was religious freedom to ensure that conservative Christians could live according to their values. Because they could see this kind of sea change on LGBTQ rights, they could see the demographic changes, and inside their spaces, they have really played up this language of fear that liberals are out to get you, and you cannot raise your children anymore.

This kind of radicalizing rhetoric has very much taken root through conservative media echo chambers. So I really see Johnson as very much a part of this moment. But he is also somebody who is offering to rise above it and to stand in and to restore the nation to its Christian principles. When he uses the rhetoric of being anointed by God, for this moment, that’s really the context.

Fossett: If the long trend was away from democracy, it’s kind of an unusual convergence of interests that Trump — even though he is not a figure from the Christian right — is the one who actually ended up calling an election into question. He seems to represent an opportunity for the part of the movement that would like to water down democracy, even if he isn’t the preferred candidate of Christian conservatives in a lot of other ways.

Du Mez: Right. For Christian nationalists, this is God’s country, and all authority comes through God. And the only legitimate use of that authority is to further God’s plan for this country. So what that means is any of their political enemies are illegitimate in a sense, and those enemies’ power is illegitimate, and they need to be stripped of that power. And it’s really been kind of shocking for me to have observed these spaces in the last handful of years, where conservative evangelicals are much more comfortable in just making that plain and no longer feeling a need to pay lip service to democracy or voting rights or those sorts of things.

The disturbing thing to me is that I’m a Christian myself, and I understand how this language of God’s authority really does resonate with conservative Christians across the board.

When push comes to shove, is your allegiance to God or to democracy? I see people talking about democracy as an idol. Democracy is not biblical, you’re not going to find democracy in the Bible. At the end of the day, if you are a Christian, do you want to honor God first? Or some secular system? And the answer is kind of clear.

Inside Dean Phillips’ longshot presidential campaign

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CONCORD, N.H. — The presidential campaign Dean Phillips will launch on Friday is such a longshot that some of his colleagues call it a vanity project. Other top Democrats privately deem it a mid-life crisis.

It may also be the clearest distillation to date of the undercurrent of discontent with Joe Biden among Democratic Party voters, even if it’s not likely to represent much of a genuine threat to the president.

Phillips, a millionaire businessperson, sees his quixotic bid differently. In private conversations, the Minnesota Democrat has stressed that voters need a generational alternative to the 80-year-old president. A half-dozen people who have spoken directly to him say he has sincerely described feeling something akin to obligation to primary Biden, while also expressing concern about Biden’s ability to beat former President Donald Trump a second time. He is “seeing a problem that everyone sees, but no one is talking about,” said one of those people, granted anonymity to discuss private conversations. They described Phillips as “frustrated” by it all.

“He was really earnest in his presentation of it. He framed it as this revelation he had when he was in Vietnam, visiting the site of his father’s death,” said another person who spoke to Phillips, citing the trip the lawmaker took last spring to the place where his father was killed in a helicopter crash during the Vietnam War. “But I don’t think he understands the institutional forces that he is going to be up against and how — even if a lot of Democrats privately share some of his fears — no one is going to line up behind him.”

Initially, Phillips told these people he wanted to publicly recruit another candidate to this effort. In August, he called for a “moderate governor” to step up. “I thought there was a way for him to raise this concern, identify if there was space for another candidate, get someone else in, and then gracefully bow out and resume being a member of Congress,” said a third person who spoke to Phillips directly.

“Now, I feel like he missed the window to land this plane,” the person added.

Instead, Phillips himself decided to run — formally filing paperwork for “Dean 24, Inc.” to the Federal Elections Commission on Thursday night. Several people said the campaign Phillips is likely to mount will bear a strong resemblance to his 2018 congressional bid.

During that contest, Phillips shunned much of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee’s advice, relying on his deep marketing background instead. He drove a 1960 International Harvester milk truck to 32 cities and towns across his suburban Minneapolis-based House district, running a retail-heavy election. He argued for spending less on TV than on digital ads, while largely refusing to go negative on his Republican opponent.

His approach infuriated many Democrats in Washington. He won anyway, flipping a seat that hadn’t elected a Democrat in decades.

Signs of Phillips dusting off that playbook are already evident. A “Dean Phillips for President” bus, seen recently driving around New Hampshire by two operatives in the state, is tagged with a 2018 slogan: “Everyone’s invited.” The “government repair truck” he used in 2018 is making another appearance, too, repainted with “Dean Phillips for President.”

“He wants to scale his 2018 campaign to New Hampshire, if not to the national level,” said one of the people who has spoken directly with the representative.

But a presidential primary is not a congressional race, especially when your objective is to take out an incumbent. And there are other clear and serious hurdles ahead.

Phillips has already failed to make the ballot in Nevada, the second presidential nominating state, and he’s relying, in part, on a bombastic former Republican operative to lead it. In New Hampshire, where he plans to ground his bid, he’s a total unknown, needing to introduce himself to the state party chair just two weeks ago.

He’s also squaring off against Biden, who’s sitting on $91 million in campaign cash with the entire party machinery arrayed behind him.

For its part, the Biden campaign is not expected to engage the Phillips campaign much, according to a source familiar with the campaign’s thinking. To the extent they do, however, the source noted that they would cast him as wealthy and out-of-touch, while highlighting his 100 percent voting record with Biden.

“Everyone I know, to a person, is mystified, perplexed and frustrated by this move, and Dean has not really offered any public explanation,” said Jeff Blodgett, a top Minnesota Democratic operative and donor adviser. “People here are all in on Biden and focused on the work to get him reelected.”

Steve Schmidt, a top campaign strategist to Sen. John McCain’s 2008 presidential campaign, is working with Phillips, which several Democrats called a “red flag.” In 2020, Schmidt also advised former Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz, another wealthy businessperson who considered an Independent presidential run. In addition, Phillips has brought on Ondine Fortune as a media buyer, while a firm led by Bill Fletcher, a Tennessee-based ad-maker, obtained permits for Phillips’ Friday event. Several staffers from Phillips’ congressional campaign are also filling out the early operation.

Phillips’ New Hampshire-focused bid comes at a particularly fraught moment for Democrats in the state, who lost their first-in-the-nation primary status for the 2024 presidential cycle earlier this month. The Democratic National Committee, with Biden’s blessing, reordered the presidential nominating calendar last year, elevating South Carolina to the first-place slot.

But Phillips hasn’t yet reached out to South Carolina Democrats, a sign “he’s not serious,” said South Carolina Democratic Party Chair Christale Spain, who called Phillips “a distraction” because “any serious Democratic candidate, would understand that Black voters in South Carolina have been the backbone of the Democratic Party.” The state’s presidential filing deadline closes on Nov. 10.

New Hampshire, meanwhile, plans to run an unsanctioned contest, which is unlikely to yield any delegates for whomever wins the state in January. This week, the Biden campaign confirmed that the president’s name will not appear on the ballot, but top New Hampshire Democrats are expected to lead a write-in effort on his behalf. Marianne Williamson, who ran for president in 2020, will also appear on the New Hampshire ballot.

Turmoil over the calendar is a factor for former New Hampshire House Speaker Steve Shurtleff, who said he “hopes” Phillips runs “because of the way things have been lined up by the DNC,” who are “trying to take it out of the hands of the people.”

“I’ve got respect for Phillips that he may decide to get in the race, knowing what the price he might pay,” Shurtleff continued. “By challenging the president, for someone like Dean, it could be the end of his political career.”

That question about Phillips’ future is still baffling Minnesota Democrats, many of whom said they expected him to run for statewide office one day. Instead, Democrats are lining up to run for his House seat, where he’s already drawn a primary challenger in Ron Harris, a DNC executive committee member.

“I believe every other Democratic member of Congress in Minnesota is supporting Biden, so it doesn’t help when your home team is on board with the incumbent president, while you’re trying to mount a challenge,” said Mike Erlandson, a former chair of Minnesota’s Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. “I don’t know that the congressman is particularly concerned one way or the other about what other people in political places of power think, though this probably doesn’t help him with a statewide office run at home.”

Holly Otterbein contributed to this report.

‘Five Nights at Freddy’s’ so bad it’s scary

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An instant candidate for a worst film of the year list, “Five Nights at Freddy’s” from Universal and Blumhouse is based on a 2014 video-game by Scott Cawthon. Directed by Emma Tammi (“The Wind”) and written by Tammi, Cawthon and Seth Cuddeback (“Mateo”), the film is at its best when it merely makes no sense. Meet Mike (Josh Hutcherson of those godforsaken original “Hunger Games” films). When Mike was a boy he was charged by his mother with keeping an eye on his little brother Garrett (Lucas Grant), who was taken by a faceless man in a car and never seen again.

Cut to sleep-deprived adult Mike (Hutcherson). He lives with his much younger sister Abby (“Stranger Things”-ready Piper Rubio), who obsessively draws pictures of her with Mike and some cartoon animals. Almost unemployable, Mike accepts a job offered by a weirdly menacing agent (Matthew Lillard) at Freddy Fazbear’s Pizza, an abandoned 1980’s-era pizzeria/arcade.

Like in the game, Mike’s job is to sit before an array of security camera screens at night and make sure no shenanigans occur. Mike has a habit of taking sleeping pills in order to induce a reoccurring dream in which he experiences the moment Garrett was taken while he, Garrett and his parents were on a camping trip. Ergo, Mike is the sleeping security guard. He relives the moment Garrett was taken over and over. If this sounds like the plot of a bad Stephen King story, it is. I would hazard a guess that King is the favorite writer of the creators of this film’s plot. But they in no way share King’s power to mine our collective dreams for horror gold.

The plot will further involve “ghost kids” who appear to Mike in his dreams, animatronic, giant robotic and cartoonish animals – a bear, a rabbit, a duck, a fox and more – that lurk at Fazbear’s and can track down and kill humans in hideous ways for a PG-13 movie and a strange police officer named Vanessa (Elizabeth Lail, “Once Upon a Time”), who appears to be the only police officer in town. We are reminded repeatedly that Freddy Fazbear’s Pizza was huge in the 1980s, and in some scenes the robotic animals can be seen performing The Romantics’ 1983 hit “Talking in Your Sleep” (Get it?). Mike takes Abby to work (?). She befriends the strange creatures in the shadows. How? Why? “Five Nights at Freddy’s” is only for the most gullible viewers. The rest will find their eyelids impossibly hard to hold up.

In an opening scene, a security guard at Freddy’s runs through a maze of hallways before being strapped to a chair and get his face chewed off (off camera). Someone else gets a head bitten off. One of the animatronic creatures is just a skull-like head. Somehow, this thing gets from place to place and flies through the air without appendages or explanation. Mike and Abby’s evil Aunt Jane (a scenery-chewing Mary Stuart Masterson, speaking of the ’80s) appears in a few badly-staged scenes to demand custody of Abby. If she had a mustache, she’d twirl its ends. Hutcherson does a lot of running in the film and not a lot of acting. But he is hardly to blame. The makers of “Five Nights at Freddy’s” appear to forget that you need a screenplay to make a movie, not just a collection of things that happen. The film wants awfully to be a variation on a theme of King’s “It.” It ain’t.

(“Five Nights at Freddy’s” contains gruesome imagery, violence and endangered children)

“Five Nights at Freddy’s”

Rated PG-13. At the AMC Boston Common, AMC South Bay and suburban theaters. Grade: D