By CHRISTINA LARSON and TAMMY WEBBER

In her 91 years, Jane Goodall transformed science and humanity’s understanding of our closest living relatives on the planet — chimpanzees and other great apes. Her patient fieldwork and tireless advocacy for conservation inspired generations of future researchers and activists, especially women and young people, around the world.

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Her death on Wednesday set off a torrent of tributes for the famed primate researcher, with many people sharing stories of how Goodall and her work inspired their own careers. The tributes also included pledges to honor Goodall’s memory by redoubling efforts to safeguard a planet that sorely needs it.

Making space in science for animal minds and emotions

“Jane Goodall is an icon – because she was the start of so much,” said Catherine Crockford, a primatologist at the CNRS Institute for Cognitive Sciences in France.

She recalled how many years ago Goodall answered a letter from a young aspiring researcher. “I wrote her a letter asking how to become a primatologist. She sent back a handwritten letter and told me it will be hard, but I should try,” Crockford said. “For me, she gave me my career.”

Goodall was one of three pioneering young women studying great apes in the 1960s and 1970s who began to revolutionize the way people understood just what was — and wasn’t — unique about our own species. Sometimes called the “Tri-mates,” Goodall, Dian Fossey and Biruté Galdikas spent years documenting the intimate lives of chimpanzees in Tanzania, mountain gorillas in Rwanda, and orangutans in Indonesia, respectively.

The projects they began have produced some of the long-running studies about animal behavior in the world that are crucial to understanding such long-lived species. “These animals are like us, slow to mature and reproduce, and living for decades. We are still learning new things about them,” said Tara Stoinski, a primatologist and president of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund. “Jane and Dian knew each other and learned from each other, and the scientists who continued their work continue to collaborate today.”

Goodall studied chimpanzees — as a species and as individuals. And she named them: David Greybeard, Flo, Fifi, Goliath. That was highly unconventional at the time, but Goodall’s attention to individuals created space for scientists to observe and record differences in individual behaviors, preferences and even emotions.

FILE – Primatologist Jane Goodall kisses Pola, a 14-months-old chimpanzee baby from the Budapest Zoo, that she symbolically adopted in Budapest, Hungary, on Dec. 20, 2004. (AP Photo/Bela Szandelszky, File)

Catherine Hobaiter, a primatologist at St. Andrews University who was inspired by Goodall, recalled how Goodall carefully combined empathy and objectivity. Goodall liked to use a particular phrase, “If they were human, we would describe them as happy,” or “If they were human, we would describe them as friends –- these two individuals together,” Hobaiter said. Goodall didn’t project precise feelings onto the chimpanzees, but nor did she deny the capacity of animals besides humans to have emotional lives.

Goodall and her frequent collaborator, evolutionary biologist Marc Bekoff, had just finished the text of a forthcoming children’s book, called “Every Elephant Has a Name,” which will be published around early 2027.

Inspiring scientists and advocates for nature around the world

From the late 1980s until her death, Goodall spent less time in the field and more time on the road talking to students, teachers, diplomats, park rangers, presidents and many others around the world. She inspired countless others through her books. Her mission was to inspire action to protect the natural world.

In 1991, she founded an organization called Roots & Shoots that grew to include chapters of young people in dozens of countries.

Stuart Pimm, a Duke University ecologist and founder of the nonprofit Saving Nature, recalled when he and Goodall were invited to speak to a congressional hearing about deforestation and extinction. Down the marble halls of the government building, “there was a huge line of teenage girls and their mothers just waiting to get inside the room to hear Jane speak,” Pimm said Thursday. “She was mobbed everywhere she went — she was just this incredible inspiration to people in general, particularly to young women.”

Goodall wanted everyone to find their voice, no matter their age or station, said Zanagee Artis, co-founder of the youth climate movement Zero Hour. “I really appreciated how much Jane valued young people being in the room — she really fostered intergenerational movement building,” said Artis, who now works for the Natural Resources Defense Council.

And she did it around the world. Roots & Shoots has a chapter in China, which Goodall visited multiple times.

“My sense was that Jane Goodall was highly respected in China and that her organization was successful in China because it focused on topics like environmental and conservation education for youth that had broad appeal without touching on political sensitivities,” said Alex Wang, a University of California, Los Angeles expert on China and the environment, who previously worked in Beijing.

What is left now that Goodall is gone is her unending hope, perhaps her greatest legacy.

“She believed hope was not simply a feeling, but a tool,” Rhett Butler, founder of the nonprofit conservation-news site Mongabay, wrote in his Substack newsletter. “Hope, she would tell me, creates agency.”

Carrying forward her legacy

Goodall’s legacy and life’s work will continue through her family, scientists, her institute and legions of young people around the globe who are working to bridge conservation and humanitarian needs in their own communities, her longtime assistant said Thursday.

That includes Goodall’s son and three grandchildren, who are an important part of the work of the Jane Goodall Institute and in their own endeavors, said Mary Lewis, a vice president at the institute who began working with the famed primatologist in 1990.

Goodall’s son, Hugo van Lawick, works on sustainable housing. He is currently in Rwanda. Grandson Merlin and granddaughter Angelo work with the institute, while grandson Nick is a photographer and filmmaker, Lewis said. “She has her own family legacy as well as the legacy through her institutes around the world,” said Lewis.

In addition to her famed research center in Tanzania and chimpanzee sanctuaries in other countries, including the Republic of Congo and South Africa, a new cultural center is expected to open in Tanzania late next year. There also are Jane Goodall Institutes in 26 countries, and communities are leading conservation projects in several countries, including an effort in Senegal to save critically endangered Western chimpanzees.

But it is the institute’s youth-led education program called Roots & Shoots that Goodall regarded as her enduring legacy because it is “empowering new generations,” Lewis said.

The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. AP’s climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.

Some federal assistance programs could run out of funding if a government shutdown that started Oct. 1 drags on into next month, Minnesota’s top budget official said on Thursday.

State Budget Director Ahna Minge explains the potential effects of a federal government shutdown on Minnesota during a briefing with Gov. Tim Walz at the state Capitol in St. Paul on Thursday, Oct. 2, 2025. (Alex Derosier / Pioneer Press)

But for now, most of the effects of the shutdown on the state are yet to be seen, including the cost to the state and the number of federal workers who will be furloughed or lose their jobs, according to Minnesota Budget Director Ahna Minge.

“Our current analysis is that the lapse in federal funds will have minimal impact on federally funded state activities in the short term,” she told reporters during a briefing at the state Capitol with Gov. Tim Walz.

“Most state programs have funding remaining from previous funding authorizations,” she continued. “But what we know is that the longer a shutdown lasts, the greater the impact.”

Food benefits

Food assistance benefit programs should have funding through October, Minge said, but if the shutdown extends into November, two major programs could run out of money.

SNAP — the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, which used to be known as food stamps — and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women and Children, also known as WIC, might have funding problems in the event of a protracted shutdown.

Head Start — which provides pre-kindergarten education and other support to children from low-income families — could also see problems if the shutdown persists. Though most Head Start programs are funded annually.

A partial government shutdown in late 2018 and early 2019 lasted 35 days, though food assistance was not interrupted.

Around three weeks into that shutdown, airport security saw disruptions as Transportation Security Administration staff, who were working without pay, started calling in sick and quitting their jobs.

Failure to reach deal

This year’s shutdown comes after President Donald Trump and Democrats failed to reach a deal this week on funding the government.

Congressional Democrats seeking to preserve soon-to-expire health insurance subsidies for millions of Americans declined to support a Republican measure to fund the government through most of November. GOP leaders say keeping the subsidies would cost more than $1 trillion.

Until they can reach an agreement on funding the government, around 750,000 federal employees are set to be temporarily furloughed, according to the Congressional Budget Office.

Vital government operations like the U.S. Postal Service, airport security, air traffic control, veterans’ health care and federal law enforcement continue to run. The shutdown has not interrupted Social Security, Medicare or Medicaid benefits — though temporary layoffs could lead to administrative backlog.

Jobs impact still unclear

Minnesota has more than 18,000 federal employees, not including the postal service or members of the military. Most of them work for the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Veterans Affairs, according to state and union officials.

Walz said Minnesota’s Department of Management and Budget had a team prepare for about four weeks in anticipation of a shutdown, which entered its second day on Thursday.

“There is a playbook, if you will, on how things start to roll back, what furloughs look like, what the impact is at this early stage,” the governor said.

Walz said a big concern was the closure of the agriculture department’s farm service offices, which can be busiest during the fall harvest season.

The state did not have an estimate Thursday of how many federal employees will be out of work.

Though as a shutdown approached its first month in 2019, around 6,000 federal workers were furloughed or working without pay in Minnesota, the Pioneer Press reported at the time.

‘Burden on state taxpayers’

The American Federation of Government Employees, a union that represents federal workers, is still trying to get a sense of how many employees are furloughed or working without pay, according to Ruark Hotopp, National Vice President for District 8, which includes Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and the Dakotas.

Workers will get reimbursed for wages when the shutdown ends. During the shutdown, some may file for unemployment benefits with the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development.

Around 1,000 federal employees had applied for benefits by around the third week of the 2018-2019 shutdown, DEED said at the time.

“Benefits are being granted through the state, and it’s not even an action of the state that caused the unemployment,” Hotopp said. “This becomes a burden on the state taxpayers.”

Local government disruptions?

There’s little indication so far that the shutdown has affected local government. A Ramsey County spokesman said no services have been interrupted.

The same is the case for the city of St. Paul, which “executed several key grant contracts in the last week” to prevent any gaps in funding, according to Mayor Melvin Carter spokesperson Jennifer Lor.

“Typically grant-funded work continues during a shutdown, and we expect to continue delivering core, essential city services to our residents,” she said in an email.

The same is the case for St. Paul Public Schools, as most K-12 spending is not immediately affected by a government shutdown.

This story contains information from the Associated Press.

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By COLLEEN SLEVIN

DENVER (AP) — When the government shut down in 2018, a Mississippi nonprofit interceded to fund a bare-bones crew to keep one of the state’s most-visited cultural attractions operating. Now, the group is committed to doing that for Vicksburg National Military Park once again.

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The hilly Civil War battlefield where soldiers fought for control of the Mississippi River in 1863, run by the National Park Service, reopened Thursday thanks to a commitment from the Friends of Vicksburg National Military Park and Campaign to pay $2,000 a day to keep it open during the current shutdown.

“For us it is primarily and first and foremost an issue of protection of the park,” executive director Bess Averett said of the site, home to more than 18,000 graves of veterans from six wars and a few former park employees. “During shutdowns or times when the park is not staffed, it’s really vulnerable to vandalism and relic hunters.”

The Park Service’s contingency plan allows parks to enter into agreements with states, Native American tribes, local governments or other groups willing to donate to keep the sites open.

Organizations that support individual national parks across the country have also stepped forward to welcome visitors. West Virginia Gov. Patrick Morrisey also signed a donation agreement to reopen the visitors’ centers at the state’s two national parks.

Many national parks have remained largely open but with visitors’ centers closed. The U.S. Interior Department, which includes the park service, has released only limited information and directed people to the general contingency plan for how its more than 400 sites should operate with reduced staffing during the shutdown — as opposed to a detailed, user-friendly list.

The plan allows parks with certain recreation fees to use that revenue that’s already been collected to provide basic services like restrooms, trash collection and law enforcement.

Hayley Smith and her two children, who were traveling from Louisiana to Arkansas, were among those who trickled into Vicksburg National Military Park on Wednesday but could only could see a lineup of canons and a few monuments. A gate blocking the park’s tour road kept them from exploring most of it. They plan to stop by again on their return trip.

“It’s a huge thing for these kids to be able to see the history and learn about our national parks,” she said.

Another park reopens with help of nonprofit

On the island of Oahu in Hawaii, the gates to the Pearl Harbor National Memorial were closed for several hours Wednesday morning because of the federal shutdown. The popular tourist site opened at 11 a.m. local time, thanks to the nonprofit that partners with the park service to support the memorial.

With fundraising help, the Pacific Historic Parks will keep the site, home to the USS Arizona Memorial, open during the shutdown as long as it can, the group said.

“The way the process works is the Park Service will provide us with an estimated daily cost and then for the number of days that we can afford, we will fund it,” said Pacific Historic Parks President and CEO Aileen Utterdyke.

It will cost an estimated $9,000 a day, which she hopes to cover by reaching out to Hawaii’s governor, the tourism authority, tour operators and other businesses who benefit from the more than 1.7 million yearly visitors to the site.

She said the fundraising plea can be applied to any park nationwide.

Other groups aid visitors in park employees’ absence

At Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado this week, drivers were waived through without paying an entrance fee. The roads were busy there, and long line formed at a freestanding restroom near a shuttered visitors’ center.

Staffers for the Rocky Mountain Conservancy, which raises money for the park, are helping to welcome people at a visitors’ center just outside the boundaries of the park that remains open under an existing joint agreement with the parks service, spokesperson Kaci Yoh said. The staffers, who operate a gift shop in the center, usually help park rangers who are not currently working there recommend hikes, pass out maps and guide people in how to respect the park’s landscape, Yoh said.

The group plans to add more employees during the shutdown, but they are not authorized to swear children into the junior ranger program, she said. The program allows children who take a pledge to be good stewards of national parks to get a badge.

“We are not rangers. We’re doing the best that we can,” Yoh said.

Staffers for a similar group that supports Grand Canyon National Park are also serving as ambassadors through the park’s gift stores. Proceeds will be used to support the park, just as they do normally, said Mindy Riesenberg, spokesperson for the Grand Canyon Conservancy.

National parks were damaged during past shutdowns

A national group that works to protect national parks urged the Trump administration to close all sites during the shutdown, citing damage in previous shutdowns, including to prehistoric petroglyphs at Big Bend National Park in Texas and slow-growing Joshua trees being cut down in Joshua Tree National Park in California.

“Guidance shouldn’t direct park staff to swing the gates open and walk away,” Theresa Pierno, the president of the National Parks Conservation Association, said in a statement.

States where national parks draw major tourism lobbied to keep them open during past shutdowns.

Utah agreed to donate $1.7 million in 2013 to keep its national parks open. Arizona, Colorado, New York, South Dakota and Tennessee have also donated money to keep parks staffed during previous shutdowns.

Associated Press journalists Sophie Bates in Vicksburg, Mississippi; Jennifer Sinco Kelleher in Honolulu; Susan Montoya Bryan in Albuquerque, New Mexico; and John Raby in Charleston, West Virginia, contributed to this report.

A crew of roofers working in St. Paul were taken into custody Thursday in an apparent immigration enforcement raid, according to a state representative and a St. Paul City Council member.

Rep. Athena Hollins, who represents the area, said in a Facebook post that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers were in unmarked vehicles in St. Paul’s North End where they “snatched up a whole crew of roofers who were minding their own business, doing their job.”

“Neighbors demanded the agents to identify themselves and they did not, leaving neighbors feeling confused who was present or if it was SPPD,” Councilmember HwaJeong Kim, who represents Ward 5, said on Facebook.

The St. Paul Police Department was not involved in any way, according to a department spokesperson.

“I want to be very clear, St. Paul police officers will always identify themselves when asked. This is our policy,” Kim said.

Hollins posted that the roofers “weren’t breaking the law, they weren’t dangerous gang members or drug dealers. They were working – contributing to our society and our neighborhoods and our economy. … These raids are not about safety – they are about cruelty and control.”

ICE officials did not immediately return a Pioneer Press request for comment.

Operation Twin Shield

Thursday’s news comes days after immigration officials said they discovered significant immigration fraud in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area during “Operation Twin Shield,” which kicked off Sept. 19.

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The operation’s efforts focused on site visits to verify information people had submitted in immigration cases, such as marriage and family-based petitions, employment authorizations and certain parole-related requests. The operation looked at 1,000 possible fraud cases and involved more than 900 site visits and in-person interviews. Out of those, there was evidence of 275 suspected fraud cases.

Citizenship and Immigration Services Director Joseph Edlow said officers encountered “blatant marriage fraud,” overstays and other visa abuses, and people claiming to work at businesses that may not exist. The agency did not say how many more cases than normal it analyzed. A news release said four people had been apprehended but that the number might increase as investigations are completed.